Proposed Comprehensive Development
at Wo Shang Wai, Yuen Long

Biannual EM&A Report on Ecology for May - Oct 2010 (Rev. B)

December 2010

Report No.: 266567/12/B

Content

Chapter Title Page

Executive Summary iv

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Background_ 1

1.2 Survey Area_ 1

1.3 EM&A Requirements on Ecological impact 1

2. Ecological Monitoring 2

2.1 Introduction_ 2

2.2 Monitoring of Birds_ 2

2.3 Monitoring of Herpetofauna_ 2

2.4 Monitoring of Dragonflies and Butterflies_ 3

2.5 Monitoring of Mammals_ 3

3. Ecological issues 4

3.1 Ecological Issues/Management Activities_ 4

3.2 Implications to the WRA Design_ 4

4. Conclusions 5

4.1 Summary of findings_ 5

5. References 6

5.1 List of references_ 6

Tables

Table 1.1:__ Summary of ecological Impact EM&A Requirements_ 1

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Survey Area and Transect Walked

List of Appendices

Appendix A Schedule of Ecological Monitoring

Appendix B Summary of bird surveys

Appendix C Summary of herpetofauna monitoring, mammals and insects surveys

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

In March 2005, the Project Proponent, Profit Point Enterprises Limited, acquired the development site in Yuen Long at Wo Shang Wai. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out under the EIA Ordinance (EIAO) since then and the Environmental Permit (EP-311/2008B) for construction of the comprehensive development in Wo Shang Wai was granted by EPD on 29 July 2010. The Project involves the residential development and associated infrastructure and wetland restoration area and linear landscape area. The construction works under the Environmental Permit commenced on 12 May 2010.

Mott MacDonald Hong Kong Ltd. (“MMHK”) has been commissioned by the Contractor, Heng Shung Construction Co. Ltd., to undertake the Environmental Team (ET) services to carry out environmental monitoring and audit (EM&A) for both pre-construction and construction phases of the Proposed Comprehensive Development at Wo Shang Wai, Yuen Long.

According to the EP Condition 4.6, the EM&A results on ecological aspects during the construction phase should be reported to the EIA Subcommittee of the ACE, EPD and AFCD on a biannual basis. This is the 1^st Biannual EM&A report and it summarises the findings on EM&A results of ecological aspects during the period from 12 May to 31 October 2010.

1.2 Survey Area

Surveys were conducted within 500 m of the Project area. The Wetland Restoration Area (hereafter WRA) was surveyed starting September 2010 as the area was accessible since early September. The survey transect is provided in Figure 1.1.

1.3 EM&A Requirements on Ecological impact

The EM&A programme requires environmental monitoring of ecology as specified in the approved EM&A Manual. A summary of ecological impact EM&A requirements is presented in Table 1.1:

Table 1.1: Summary of ecological Impact EM&A Requirements

Descriptions	Locations	Frequencies
Birds	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Weekly
Dragonflies and Butterflies	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Once per month during Mar and Sep to November, and twice per month during Apr to Aug
Herpetofauna	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Once per month during Apr to Nov
Water quality of WRA	Wetland Restoration Area	After filling of WRA with water, monthly for in situ water quality and every size months (end of wet season and end of dry season) for laboratory testing
Site Inspections	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Weekly

2. Ecological Monitoring

2.1 Introduction

In accordance with the EM&A requirements, monitoring of birds, dragonflies and butterflies, and herpetofauna was carried out during the reporting period. In addition, monitoring of mammals was also conducted concurrently with other surveys and the results were reported although it is not required by the EM&A manual. The dates of surveys are summarised in Appendix A.

2.2 Monitoring of Birds

Monitoring was undertaken following the survey methodology in the EM&A Manual. In addition, low intensity monitoring of the WRA was undertaken (on a monthly basis) to monitor faunal usage of the newly formed cells since September 2010; monitoring intensity will follow that outlined in the EM&A Manual at the completion of the WRA. All bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland dependent were identified and enumerated. Flying birds were not recorded unless they were foraging and/or associated with the habitat (such as swifts). Further, notable bird observations during other surveys were also recorded.

Bird surveys were conducted on a weekly basis. A total of 49 bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence were recorded within 500 m of the Project area in the survey period. This number includes all bird of prey species recorded and any locally uncommon or rare species. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix B.

A total of 25 bird species were recorded in the Wetland Restoration Area (WRA) between September and October 2010. Of these 25 species, 14 of these bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence. Bird species of conservation importance recorded so far included four species of ardeids (two of which are target species Little Egret Egretta garzetta and Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus), three species of bird of prey and other species of conservation importance such as Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus, Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius, Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis and Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix B.

Species and numbers recorded in this survey period are typical of fish pond areas during the period indicating that birds in the area are not presently being adversely affected by the construction of the WRA. These findings indicate that the WRA is already starting to support wetland-dependent birds and other species of conservation importance.

2.3 Monitoring of Herpetofauna

Monitoring was undertaken following the survey methodology in the EM&A Manual. Day-time herpetofauna surveys were conducted monthly between May and October 2010 and while night-time herpetofauna surveys were conducted once per month between May and August. Further, notable herpetofauna observations during other surveys were also recorded.

A total of five amphibian species and two reptiles species were recorded using the ponds within 500 m of the Project area in the survey period. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix C.

No herpetofauna were recorded in the WRA in the surveys conducted in September and October 2010.

Other significant herpetofauna observations include sightings of Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis in bird survey on 29 July 2010 and 24 August 2010 in the ponds within 500 m of the Project area. One Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus was also recorded in the same area on 24 August 2010. Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN red list and the China Red Data Book, while Common Rat Snake is listed as endangered in the China Red data book.

2.4 Monitoring of Dragonflies and Butterflies

Monitoring of dragonflies and butterflies was conducted on a twice-monthly basis between May and August 2010 and on a monthly basis between September and October 2010. Further, notable dragonfly and butterfly observations during other surveys were also recorded.

A total of 17 dragonfly species and 14 butterfly species were recorded using the ponds within 500 m of the Project in the survey period. While ten dragonfly species and three butterfly species were recorded in the WRA. A summary of the survey findings is provided in Appendix C.

Other significant sightings of dragonflies and butterflies include a record of one Dancing Dropwing (Trithemis pallidinervis) in the WRA on 29 September 2010 during ad hoc site visit. This is an uncommon dragonfly species that occurs in marshes and still waters in Hong Kong. It is a pioneer species in newly created ponds (Wilson 2004). Furthermore, 28 and 14 Coastal Gliders (Macrodiplax cora) were observed in the WRA in the survey conducted in September and October respectively. This species is listed as a species of conservation importance by Fellowes et al. (2002; Local Concern).

2.5 Monitoring of Mammals

Monitoring of mammals was conducted concurrently with other surveys but no mammal was recorded during the reporting period.

3. Ecological issues

3.1 Ecological Issues/Management Activities

No ecological issues or management activities were identified.

3.2 Implications to the WRA Design

There were no additional implications to the WRA design from the survey findings.

4. Conclusions

4.1 Summary of findings

Ecological monitoring between 12 May and 31 October 2010 was carried out following the survey methodology and frequency outlined in the EM&A Manual.

A total of 49 bird species, 5 amphibian species, 2 reptile species, 17 dragonfly species and 14 butterfly species were recorded in the ponds within 500 m of the Project area in the survey period. Survey findings indicate that the ponds within the Survey Area supported numbers and diversity of wetland-dependent birds and other species of conservation importance typical of fish pond areas in the autumn months.

25 bird species, 10 dragonfly species and 3 butterfly species were recorded in the WRA, including 14 bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence, while all dragonfly species are wetland-dependent. These findings indicate that the WRA is already starting to support wetland-dependent birds and other species of conservation importance.

5. References

5.1 List of references

Chan, S. K.F., K.S. Cheung, C.Y. Ho, F.N Lam & W.S. Tam, 2005. A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong. Cosmos Books Ltd., Hong Kong.

Fellowes et al., 2002. Wild Animals to Watch: Terrestrial and Freshwater Fauna of Conservation Concern in Hong Kong.

Karsen, S., M.W.N. Lau & A. Bogadek, 1998. Hong Kong Amphibians and Reptiles. Provisional Urban Council, Hong Kong

Lo, P. Y. F. and W.L. Hui, 2004. Hong Kong Butterflies. Hong Kong, Cosmos Books Ltd.

Mott, 2008. WSW Environmental Monitoring and Audit Manual (March 2008).

Mott, 2008. WSW Environmental Impact Assessment Report Volumes 1 to 3 (March 2008)

Shek, C. T. 2006. A Field Guide to the Terrestrial Mammals of Hong Kong. Friends of the Country Parks Cosmos Books Ltd., Hong Kong.

Wilson, K.D.P., 2004. Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Hong Kong (2^nd edition). Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. Cosmos Books Ltd, Hong Kong.

Young, J.J. & Yiu, V., 2002. Butterfly Watching In Hong Kong. Wan Li Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong

Appendix A. Schedule of Ecological Monitoring

May 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals												ü	ü	ü	ü		ü	ü	ü	ü		ü		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü		ü
Birds												ü					ü							ü
Herpetofauna													ü													ü
Dragonflies & butterflies													ü													ü
Inspection Visits												ü	ü	ü	ü		ü	ü	ü	ü		ü		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü		ü

June 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Mammals	ü			ü				ü	ü					ü	ü						ü
Birds	ü							ü						ü							ü
Herpetofauna				ü					ü
Dragonflies & butterflies				ü											ü
Inspection Visits	ü							ü						ü				ü			ü		ü		ü

July 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals		ü				ü								ü					ü									ü	ü
Birds		ü				ü								ü					ü										ü
Herpetofauna						ü																					ü
Dragonflies & butterflies														ü														ü
Inspection Visits		ü				ü								ü					ü										ü

August 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals			ü										ü				ü							ü				ü			ü
Birds			ü										ü				ü							ü							ü
Herpetofauna																	ü									ü
Dragonflies & butterflies			ü																							ü
Inspection Visits			ü										ü				ü							ü							ü

September 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Mammals							ü										ü								ü					ü
Birds							ü										ü								ü					ü
Herpetofauna							ü
Dragonflies & butterflies							ü			ü
Inspection Visits		ü				ü	ü						ü		ü		ü								ü		ü		ü	ü

October 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals								ü			ü									ü								ü
Birds								ü			ü									ü								ü
Herpetofauna						ü		ü
Dragonflies & butterflies						ü		ü
Inspection Visits								ü			ü									ü								ü		ü

Note:

* Light grey cells indicated public holidays or Sundays.

One herpetofauna, dragonfly & butterfly survey was conducted within the WRA only on the 6th October 2010. The other survey was conducted in the wider Survey Area (excluding WRA) only on the 8th October 2010. Hence, one complete herpetofauna, dragonfly & butterfly survey was conducted in October.

Appendix B. Summary of bird surveys

Table B1. Summary of bird monitoring within the Study Area

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(2)	Mean^(^4^)
			May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	LC, (1)	14.7	11.8	15.2	27.8	13.8	41.3
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	PRC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.5	17.8
Great Egret	Egretta alba	PRC, (1)	26.3	30.5	13.0	12.0	40.0	34.3
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	RC, (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	2.5
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	PRC, (1)	71.7	56.3	46.0	47.8	108.8	131.5
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	(LC), (1)	2.0	0.5	0.8	1.2	8.3	11.5
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	PRC, (1)	23.7	25.0	34.6	48.0	42.5	48.0
Striated Heron	Butorides striatus	(LC), (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	LC, (1)	3.0	10.8	5.4	3.6	2.8	0.3
Yellow Bittern	Ixobrychus sinensis	(LC), (1)	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.5
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	PGC, EN, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	(RC)	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.8	0.3
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	(1)	4.3	5.8	5.2	4.2	4.0	8.8
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.8	7.0
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	RC, (1)	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8	11.8
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	LC, (1)	5.3	10.8	3.2	6.0	2.0	12.3
Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus	RC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus	RC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	RC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.5
Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	(1)	0.3	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.3
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.0	4.0	9.0
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.4	1.8	1.0	11.8
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	(1)	5.7	0.0	1.8	9.2	12.0	22.3
Pintail/Swinhoe's Snipe^(3)	Gallinago stenura/ megala	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3
Temminck’s Stint	Calidris temminckii	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3
Whiskered Tern	Chlidonias hybridus	(1)	3.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
White-winged Tern	Chlidonias leucopterus	(1)	14.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis	(LC), (1)	0.3	1.0	0.2	0.8	0.0	0.3
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	(1)	3.3	3.3	4.8	8.2	10.8	12.0
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	(LC)	0.0	0.0	1.4	2.2	1.3	2.8
Red-rumped Swallow	Hirundo daurica	-	0.0	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	(1)	12.7	0.0	0.0	0.6	5.0	13.8
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5
Richard’s Pipit	Anthus richardi	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	1.0
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	LC	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler	Locustella certhiola	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0
Black-browed Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus bistrigiceps	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	2.5
Oriental Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus orientalis	(1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	6.0
Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis	LC	1.3	0.8	1.2	1.2	0.5	2.5
Red-billed Starling	Sturnus sericeus	GC	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.8	0.0	7.5
White-cheeked Starling	Sturnus cineraceus	PRC	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	0.0	0.3
White-shouldered Starling	Sturnus sinensis	(LC)	3.7	5.5	9.2	7.2	0.8	0.0
Collared Crow	Corvus torquatus	LC, NT	0.0	0.0	0.4	3.6	0.3	0.8
No. of Species Recorded			21	15	18	24	29	39

(1) indicates wetland-dependant or -associated species.

(2) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and BirdLife International listing (2010).

(3) includes one species pair, Swinhoe’s/Pintail Snipe, not distinguishable in the field.

(4) equals the average number of individual species surveyed in each month (i.e. total counts in all surveys divided by number of surveys in that month).

Table B2. Summary of bird monitoring in the WRA

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(2)	Mean^(^3^)		Records outside survey^(4)
			Sep	Oct
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	PRC, (1)	0	0	ü
Great Egret	Egretta alba	PRC, (1)	0	0	ü
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	PRC, (1)	0	0	ü
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	PRC, (1)	0	0	ü
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	(RC)	0	0	ü
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	-	0	0	ü
Peregrine Falcon	Falco peregrinus	-	0	0	ü
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	RC, (1)	8	0	ü
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	LC, (1)	3	0	ü
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	(1)	1	0
Red-necked Stint	Calidris ruficollis	LC, (1)	3	0
Spotted Dove	Spilopelia chinensis	-	0	0	ü
Little Swift	Apus affinis	-	10	0
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	-	25	0
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	(1)	0	0	ü
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	(1)	3	0
Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi	(1)	0	0	ü
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	LC	0	2
Buff-bellied Pipit	Anthus rubescens	LC	0	1
Common Stonechat	Saxicola torquata	-	0	3	ü
Plain Prinia	Prinia inornata	-	0	0	ü
Dusky Warbler	Phylloscopus fuscatus	-	0	0	ü
Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	-	20	0
Eurasian Tree Sparrow	Passer montanus	-	20	0	ü
Crested Myna	Acridotheres cristatellus	-	3	0
No. of Species Recorded			10	3	16

(1) indicates wetland-dependant or -associated species.

(2) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and BirdLife International listing (2010).

(3) equals the average number of individual species surveyed in each month (i.e. total counts in all surveys divided by number of surveys in that month).

(4) includes observations during other surveys and/or site visits.

Appendix C. Summary of herpetofauna monitoring, mammals and insects surveys

Table C1. Summary of herpetofauna monitoring within the Study Area

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(1)	Mean^(^42
			May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct
Asian Common Toad	Bufo melanostictus	-	0.0	0.0	0.5	1.5	0.0	0.0
Asiatic Painted Frog	Kaloula pulchra	-	0.0	0.0	25.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ornate Pigmy Frog	Microhyla ornata	-	0.0	0.5	15.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Günther's Frog	Rana guentheri	-	9.5	2.0	1.0	3.5	0.0	0.0
Brown Tree Frog	Polypedates megacephalus	-	0.0	0.0	1.0	1.0	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			1	2	5	3	0	0
Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(1)	Mean^(2)
			May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct
Bowring’s Gecko	Hemidactylus bowringii	-	0.0	1.0	3.0	3.0	0.0	0.0
Checkered Keelback	Xenochrophis piscator	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			0	1	1	2	0	0

Notes:

(1) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and Shek (2006).

(2) equals the average number of individual species surveyed in each survey (i.e. total counts in all surveys divided by number of surveys in that month).

(3) there was no record of herpetofauna in the WRA in September and October 2010.

Table C2. Summary of mammal monitoring within the Study Area

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(1)	Max^(2)
			May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct
No record	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Notes:

(1) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Chan et al. (2005) and Karsen et al. (1998).

(2) refers to the maximum number of individuals recorded in each month

Table C3. Summary of dragonfly and butterfly monitoring conducted within the Study Area

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(1)	Mean^(^2^)
			May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct
Odonate
Orange-tailed Midget	Agriocnemis femina	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
Orange-tailed Sprite	Ceriagrion auranticum	-	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Bluetail	Ischnura senegalensis	-	4.5	2.0	1.0	0.5	4.0	1.0
Pale-spotted Emperor	Anax guttatus	-	0.0	0.5	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Flangetail	Ictinogomphus pertinax	-	0.5	0.0	3.5	1.5	1.0	0.0
Golden Flangetail	Sinictinogomphus clavatus	-	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Regal Pond Cruiser	Epopthalmia elegans	-	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blue Dasher	Brachydiplax chalybea	-	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian Amberwing	Brachythemis contaminata	-	10.0	6.0	33.5	9.0	47.0	25.0
Crimson Darter	Crocothemis servilia	-	0.5	0.0	1.5	1.0	0.0	1.0
Amber-winged Glider	Hydrobasileus croceus	-	0.5	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coastal Glider	Macrodiplax cora	LC	2.5	14.0	11.0	16.0	64.0	14.0
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	-	3.5	5.0	7.5	9.5	11.0	12.0
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	-	1.5	0.5	2.5	3.5	59.0	47.0
Variegated Flutterer	Rhyothemis variegata	-	4.0	12.5	13.5	6.0	2.0	1.0
Saddlebag Glider	Tramea virginia	-	3.5	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scarlet Basker	Urothemis signata	LC	0.0	1.5	2.5	0.5	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			13	9	13	9	8	7
Butterfly
Dart Species	Potanthus sp.	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Common Bluebottle	Graphium sarpedon	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
Spangle	Papilio protenor	-	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paris Peacock	Papilio paris	-	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Red-base Jezebel	Delias pasithoe	-	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indian Cabbage White	Pieris canidia	-	1.5	7.0	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mottled Emigrant	Catopsilia pyranthe	-	1.0	1.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	1.0
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	-	0.0	2.5	3.5	1.0	3.0	6.0
Pale Grass Blue	Zizeeria maha	-	3.0	1.5	0.0	2.5	1.0	4.0
Lesser Grass Blue	Zizina otis	-	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dark-brand Bush Brown	Mycalesis mineus	-	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Tiger	Danaus genutia	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0
Blue-Spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			6	7	3	4	3	6

Notes:

(1) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Lo & Hui (2004), Wilson (2004) and Young & Yiu (2002).

(2) equals the average number of individual species surveyed in each survey (i.e. total counts in all surveys divided by number of surveys in that month)

Table C4. Summary of dragonfly and butterfly monitoring conducted in the WRA

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(1)	Mean^(^2)
			Sep	Oct
Odonate
Common Bluetail	Ischnura senegalensis	-	1.0	12.0
Pale-spotted Emperor	Anax guttatus	-	1.0	0.0
Common Flangetail	Ictinogomphus pertinax	-	1.0	0.0
Asian Amberwing	Brachythemis contaminata	-	27.0	58.0
Blue Percher	Diplacodes trivialis	-	0.0	2.0
Coastal Glider	Macrodiplax cora	LC	28.0	14.0
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	-	19.0	11.0
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	-	198.0	38.0
Variegated Flutterer	Rhyothemis variegata	-	0.0	1.0
Saddlebag Glider	Tramea virginia	-	6.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			8	7
Butterfly
Tailed Jay	Graphium agamemnon	-	0.0	1.0
Mottled Emigrant	Catopsilia pyranthe	-	2.0	0.0
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	-	2.0	2.0
No. of Species Recorded			2	2

Notes:

(1) conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Lo & Hui (2004), Wilson (2004) and Young & Yiu (2002).

(2) equals the average number of individual species surveyed in each survey (i.e. total counts in all surveys divided by number of surveys in that month)