Proposed Comprehensive Development
at Wo Shang Wai, Yuen Long

Biannual EM&A Report on Ecology for Nov 2010 – Apr 2011 (Rev. B)

Jun 2011

Report No.: 266567/21/B

Content

Chapter Title Page

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Background_ 1

1.2 Survey Area_ 1

1.3 EM&A Requirements on Ecological impact 1

2. Ecological Monitoring 2

2.1 Introduction_ 2

2.2 Monitoring of Birds_ 2

2.3 Monitoring of Herpetofauna_ 2

2.4 Monitoring of Dragonflies and Butterflies_ 3

2.5 Monitoring of Mammals_ 3

3. Ecological issues 4

3.1 Ecological Issues/Management Activities_ 4

3.2 Implications to the WRA Design_ 4

4. Conclusions 5

4.1 Summary of findings_ 5

5. References 6

5.1 List of references_ 6

Tables

Table 1.1:__ Summary of ecological Impact EM&A Requirements_ 1

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Survey Area and Transect Walked

List of Appendices

Appendix A Schedule of Ecological Monitoring

Appendix B Summary of bird surveys

Appendix C Summary of herpetofauna monitoring, mammals and insects surveys

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

In March 2005, the Project Proponent, Profit Point Enterprises Limited, acquired the development site in Yuen Long at Wo Shang Wai. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out under the EIA Ordinance (EIAO) since then and the Environmental Permit (EP-311/2008B) for construction of the comprehensive development in Wo Shang Wai was granted by EPD on 29 July 2010. The Project involves the residential development and associated infrastructure and wetland restoration area and linear landscape area. The construction works under the Environmental Permit commenced on 12 May 2010.

Mott MacDonald Hong Kong Ltd. (“MMHK”) has been commissioned by the Contractor, Heng Shung Construction Co. Ltd., to undertake the Environmental Team (ET) services to carry out environmental monitoring and audit (EM&A) for both pre-construction and construction phases of the Proposed Comprehensive Development at Wo Shang Wai, Yuen Long.

According to the EP Condition 4.6, the EM&A results on ecological aspects during the construction phase should be reported to the EIA Subcommittee of the ACE, EPD and AFCD on a biannual basis. This is the 2^nd Biannual EM&A report and it summarises the findings on EM&A results of ecological aspects during the period from 1 November 2010 to 30 April 2011.

1.2 Survey Area

Surveys were conducted within 500 m of the Project area. The Wetland Restoration Area (hereafter WRA) was surveyed since early September 2010. The survey transect is provided in Figure 1.1.

1.3 EM&A Requirements on Ecological impact

The EM&A programme requires environmental monitoring of ecology as specified in the approved EM&A Manual. A summary of ecological impact EM&A requirements is presented in Table 1.1:

Table 1.1: Summary of ecological Impact EM&A Requirements

Descriptions	Locations	Frequencies
Birds	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Weekly
Dragonflies and Butterflies	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Once per month during Mar and Sep to November, and twice per month during Apr to Aug
Herpetofauna	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Once per month during Apr to Nov
Water quality of WRA	Wetland Restoration Area	After filling of WRA with water, monthly for in situ water quality and every size months (end of wet season and end of dry season) for laboratory testing
Site Inspections	Within the Project Area and Assessment Area of 500m	Weekly

2. Ecological Monitoring

2.1 Introduction

In accordance with the EM&A requirements, monitoring of birds, dragonflies and butterflies, and herpetofauna was carried out during the reporting period. In addition, monitoring of mammals was also conducted concurrently with other surveys and the results were reported although it is not required by the EM&A manual. The dates of surveys are summarised in Appendix A.

2.2 Monitoring of Birds

Monitoring was undertaken following the survey methodology in the EM&A Manual. In addition, low intensity monitoring of the WRA was undertaken (on a monthly basis) to monitor faunal usage of the newly formed cells since September 2010; monitoring intensity will follow that outlined in the EM&A Manual at the completion of the WRA. All bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland dependent were identified and enumerated. Flying birds were not recorded unless they were foraging and/or associated with the habitat (such as swifts). Further, notable bird observations during other surveys were also recorded.

Bird surveys were conducted on a weekly basis. A total of 54[1] bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence were recorded within 500 m of the Project area in the survey period. This number includes all bird of prey species recorded and any locally uncommon or rare species. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix B.

A total of 481 bird species were recorded in the Wetland Restoration Area (WRA) in the study period. Of these 48 species, 37 species were bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence. Bird species of conservation importance recorded so far included four species of ardeids (two of which are target species Little Egret Egretta garzetta and Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus), four species of bird of prey and other species of conservation importance, including the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill Platalea minor; up to 41 birds were recorded in February 2011. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix B.

Approximately 6 pairs of Little Ringed Plovers were recorded breeding in the WRA at Cells 1 to 3 (of which 3-5 pairs were recorded at Cell 2 and 3) in April 2011.

The species composition and abundance of the avifauna recorded within the Study Area were typical of fish pond areas between November and April (i.e. dry season). Further, the WRA has attracted a number of species of conservation interest; indicating that the WRA was effective in providing habitat suitable for species of interest and acting as a buffer between the site and the fishpond areas.

2.3 Monitoring of Herpetofauna

Monitoring was undertaken following the survey methodology in the EM&A Manual. Day-time herpetofauna surveys were conducted monthly in November 2010, while night-time herpetofauna surveys were conducted twice per month between March and April 2011. Further, notable herpetofauna observations during other surveys were also recorded.

Three amphibian species and a single reptile species were recorded in the survey area, while one of these amphibian species was recorded in the WRA in April 2011. No species of conservation interest was recorded. A summary of survey data is provided in Appendix C.

No herpetofauna were recorded in the WRA in the surveys conducted in November 2010 and March 2011.

2.4 Monitoring of Dragonflies and Butterflies

Monitoring of dragonflies and butterflies was conducted monthly in November 2010 and March 2011 and twice-monthly in April 2011. Further, notable dragonfly and butterfly observations during other surveys were recorded.

A total of seven dragonfly species and nine butterfly species were recorded using the ponds within 500 m of the Project in the survey period. While nine dragonfly species and five butterfly species were recorded in the WRA. No species of conservation interest was recorded. A summary of the survey findings is provided in Appendix C.

2.5 Monitoring of Mammals

Monitoring of mammals was conducted concurrently with other surveys. One unidentified rat was recorded in the Study Area in the survey period while one unidentified shrew was recorded in the WRA. A summary of the survey findings is provided in Appendix C.

3. Ecological issues

3.1 Ecological Issues/Management Activities

Site formation works at the WRA was completed in mid-November 2010. In accordance with the Habitat Creation Management Plan, a 1-m high chain-link fence is erected between the WRA and the adjacent fishponds, while the noise barrier is re-located to the southern bund between the residential portion of the Site and the WRA. Site access is controlled via a padlocked gate at the fence.

Site access to the WRA was restricted to authorized persons only; a memorandum was issued to all site staff on 23^rd December 2010.

Soft landscape contractor was appointed in April 2011. Since appointment, the contractor, Yee Sun Gardens Limited, commenced ground preparation work at the WRA, which comprised largely of weeding and general site maintenance such as removal of rubbish.

No ecological issues were identified.

3.2 Implications to the WRA Design

There were no additional implications to the WRA design from the survey findings.

4. Conclusions

4.1 Summary of findings

Ecological monitoring between 1 November 2010 and 30 April 2011 was carried out following the survey methodology and frequency outlined in the EM&A Manual.

A total of 54 bird species, 3 amphibian species, 1 reptile species, 7 dragonfly species and 9 butterfly species were recorded in the ponds within 500 m of the Project area in the survey period. Survey findings indicate that the ponds within the Survey Area supported numbers and diversity of wetland-dependent birds and other species of conservation importance typical of fish pond areas.

48 bird species, 1 amphibian species, 9 dragonfly species and 5 butterfly species were recorded in the WRA, including 37 bird species of conservation importance and/or wetland-dependence, while all dragonfly species are wetland-dependent. These findings indicate that the WRA is supporting wetland-dependent birds and other species of conservation importance.

Survey findings support that the WRA was effective in providing habitat for some species of conservation interest known to occur in the fringes of the Deep Bay Area and in acting as a buffer between the residential portion of the site in the north and the fishpond areas in the south.

5. References

5.1 List of references

Chan, S. K.F., K.S. Cheung, C.Y. Ho, F.N Lam & W.S. Tam, 2005. A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong. Cosmos Books Ltd., Hong Kong.

Fellowes et al., 2002. Wild Animals to Watch: Terrestrial and Freshwater Fauna of Conservation Concern in Hong Kong.

Karsen, S., M.W.N. Lau & A. Bogadek, 1998. Hong Kong Amphibians and Reptiles. Provisional Urban Council, Hong Kong

Lo, P. Y. F. and W.L. Hui, 2004. Hong Kong Butterflies. Hong Kong, Cosmos Books Ltd.

Mott, 2008. WSW Environmental Monitoring and Audit Manual (March 2008).

Mott, 2008. WSW Environmental Impact Assessment Report Volumes 1 to 3 (March 2008)

Shek, C. T. 2006. A Field Guide to the Terrestrial Mammals of Hong Kong. Friends of the Country Parks Cosmos Books Ltd., Hong Kong.

Wilson, K.D.P., 2004. Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Hong Kong (2nd edition). Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. Cosmos Books Ltd, Hong Kong.

Young, J.J. & Yiu, V., 2002. Butterfly Watching In Hong Kong. Wan Li Book Co. Ltd., Hong Kong

Appendix A. Schedule of Ecological Monitoring

November 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Mammals		ü										ü								ü					ü
Birds		ü										ü								ü			ü		ü
Herpetofauna																							ü
Dragonflies & butterflies																							ü
Inspection Visits		ü								ü		ü								ü			ü		ü

December 2010	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals	ü							ü							ü								ü							ü
Birds	ü							ü							ü								ü							ü
Herpetofauna
Dragonflies & butterflies
Inspection Visits	ü							ü							ü								ü							ü

January 2011	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals					ü					ü							ü									ü
Birds					ü					ü							ü									ü
Herpetofauna
Dragonflies & butterflies
Inspection Visits					ü					ü							ü									ü

February 2011	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
Mammals		ü					ü									ü									ü
Birds		ü					ü									ü									ü
Herpetofauna
Dragonflies & butterflies
Inspection Visits		ü					ü									ü									ü

March 2011	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31
Mammals	ü							ü				ü			ü		ü					ü							ü		ü
Birds	ü											ü					ü					ü									ü
Herpetofauna															ü														ü
Dragonflies & butterflies								ü
Inspection Visits	ü											ü					ü					ü									ü

April 2011	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
Mammals				ü		ü								ü	ü			ü		ü	ü					ü
Birds				ü											ü					ü						ü
Herpetofauna						ü												ü
Dragonflies & butterflies														ü							ü
Inspection Visits				ü											ü					ü						ü

Note:

* Light grey cells indicated public holidays or Sundays.

Appendix B. Summary of bird surveys

Table B1. Summary of bird monitoring within the Survey Area

Species Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status ^(2)	Mean^(^3^)
			Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	LC, (1)	43.3	30.6	18.0	24.3	13.0	4.0
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	PRC, (1)	10.0	15.4	12.5	24.3	11.0	0.0
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	PRC, (1)	18.0	15.4	9.3	11.0	3.6	0.0
Great Egret	Egretta alba	PRC, (1)	10.0	8.2	11.3	5.8	19.0	3.8
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	RC, (1)	1.3	0.4	1.5	0.3	0.8	0.8
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	PRC, (1)	41.3	23.6	75.0	103.5	55.2	24.3
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	(LC)	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.5	0.6	2.5
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	PRC, (1)	36.3	15.2	22.3	14.5	13.2	21.8
Black-crowned Night Heron	Nycticorax nycticorax	(LC), (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	PGC, EN, (1)	5.3	1.4	13.3	5.0	5.0	2.8
Northern Shoveler	Anas clypeata	RC,(1)	1.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tufted Duck	Aythya fuligula	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.3	0.2	0.0
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	RC	0.0	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	(RC)	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Besra	Accipiter virgatus	-	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	-	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Eastern Water Rail	Rallus aquaticus	LC,(1)	0.0	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.0
White-breasted Waterhen	Amaurornis phoenicurus	(1)	2.5	0.8	2.5	0.8	1.2	2.0
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus	(1)	19.0	16.6	18.3	21.3	15.2	3.3
Pheasant-tailed Jacana	Hydrophasianus chirurgus	LC, (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greater Painted-snipe	Rostratula benghalensis	LC, (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black-winged Stilt	Himantopus himantopus	RC, (1)	5.8	2.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta	RC, (1)	0.0	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	LC, (1)	9.8	17.4	9.0	5.3	3.2	3.5
Kentish Plover	Charadrius alexandrinus	RC, (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spotted Redshank	Tringa erythropus	RC, (1)	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Redshank	Tringa totanus	RC, (1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marsh Sandpiper	Tringa stagnatilis	RC, (1)	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	RC, (1)	3.5	3.0	3.3	1.3	1.0	0.5
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	(1)	7.3	7.2	4.0	4.8	2.4	2.0
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	LC, (1)	8.3	8.4	3.3	4.0	3.0	3.0
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	(1)	20.5	14.8	9.8	5.3	8.4	9.8
Pintail/Swinhoe's Snipe*	Gallinago stenura/G. megala	LC, (1)	0.0	0.6	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	(1)	1.0	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.0
Temminck's Stint	Calidris temminckii	LC, (1)	3.3	3.6	3.8	4.5	0.4	0.0
Black-headed Gull	Larus ridibundus	PRC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.0
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis	(LC), (1)	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.3
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	(1)	7.8	6.0	3.0	2.5	2.2	0.5
White-throated Kingfisher	Halcyon smyrnensis	(LC)	2.0	1.0	0.3	0.0	0.4	0.0
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	(1)	23.5	25.8	14.8	18.0	9.6	39.3
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	(1)	0.5	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.8
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	LC	1.3	2.8	0.3	2.5	1.2	1.3
Buff-bellied Pipit	Anthus rubescens	LC	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Bluethroat	Luscinia svecica	LC	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Black-browed Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus bistrigiceps	(1)	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriental Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus orientalis	(1)	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis	LC	2.8	3.2	0.8	0.8	1.2	1.5
Red-billed Starling	Sturnus sericeus	GC	46.8	153.2	277.5	163.5	19.0	0.0
White-cheeked Starling	Sturnus cineraceus	PRC	2.8	5.0	5.8	10.7	1.2	0.0
White-shouldered Starling	Sturnus sinensis	(LC)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.0
Collared Crow	Corvus torquatus	LC, NT	1.5	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.6	1.0
No. of Species Recorded			40	39*	33*	34	31	24

(1) indicates wetland-dependant or wetland-associated species.

(2) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and BirdLife International listing (2010).

(3) refers to the mean number of individuals recorded in each survey in the Survey Area (excluding the WRA)

* Includes one species pair, Swinhoe’s/Pintail Snipe, not distinguishable in the field. Swinhoe’s Snipe is listed as Local Concern in Fellowes et al. (2002)

Table B2. Summary of bird monitoring in the WRA

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(2)	Mean^(^3^)						Records Outside Survey
			Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr
Little Grebe	Tachybaptus ruficollis	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Great Cormorant	Phalacrocorax carbo	PRC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grey Heron	Ardea cinerea	PRC, (1)	1.0	1.6	2.0	2.0	0.4	0.0
Great Egret	Egretta alba	PRC, (1)	0.0	0.4	14.0	2.0	0.2	0.5
Intermediate Egret	Egretta intermedia	RC, (1)	0.0	0.0	1.7	0.8	0.2	0.0
Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	PRC, (1)	0.0	1.8	8.0	2.0	0.4	0.5
Chinese Pond Heron	Ardeola bacchus	PRC, (1)	1.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Black-faced Spoonbill	Platalea minor	PGC, EN, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.3	10.3	0.0	0.0
Eurasian Wigeon	Anas penelope	RC, (1)	0.0	1.6	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Teal	Anas crecca	RC, (1)	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Pintail	Anas acuta	RC, (1)	0.0	0.2	7.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Osprey	Pandion haliaetus	RC, (1)	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black Kite	Milvus migrans	(RC)	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.3	0.2	0.0
Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Common Kestrel	Falco tinnunculus	-	1.0	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Japanese Quail	Coturnix japonica	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	ü
Greater Painted-snipe	Rostratula benghalensis	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5
Pied Avocet	Recurvirostra avosetta	RC, (1)	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriental Pratincole	Glareola maldivarum	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5
Little Ringed Plover	Charadrius dubius	LC, (1)	24.5	7.4	3.8	9.0	6.8	10.5
Common Greenshank	Tringa nebularia	RC, (1)	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	ü
Green Sandpiper	Tringa ochropus	(1)	1.0	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.0	ü
Wood Sandpiper	Tringa glareola	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5	1.2	0.0	ü
Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	(1)	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.6	1.0
Pintail/Swinhoe's Snipe*	Gallinago stenura/G. megala	LC, (1)	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	ü
Common Snipe	Gallinago gallinago	(1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Temminck’s Stint	Calidris temminckii	LC, (1)	0.5	0.0	0.0	2.5	0.4	1.3
Long-toed Stint	Calidris subminuta	LC, (1)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	ü
Pacific Swift	Apus pacificus	(LC)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3
Little Swift	Apus affinis	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Pied Kingfisher	Ceryle rudis	(LC), (1)	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.0
Common Kingfisher	Alcedo atthis	(1)	0.0	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.0	0.3
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	(1)	14.5	10.2	15.0	23.5	8.2	11.8
Grey Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	(1)	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0
White Wagtail	Motacilla alba	(1)	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Richard's Pipit	Anthus richardi	-	1.5	0.8	0.5	1.0	1.0	1.8
Olive-backed Pipit
Anthus hodgsoni	-	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Red-throated Pipit	Anthus cervinus	LC	2.5	1.2	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.0
Buff-bellied Pipit	Anthus rubescens	LC	1.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Common Stonechat	Saxicola torquata	-	0.5	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.2	0.3
Zitting Cisticola	Cisticola juncidis	LC	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	1.5
Little Bunting	Emberiza pusilla	-	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black-faced Bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.5
Scaly-breasted Munia	Lonchura punctulata	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	0.0	15.0
Large-billed Crow	Corvus macrorhynchos	-	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0
Collared Crow	Corvus torquatus	LC, NT	0.0	0.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.5
No. of Species Recorded			17*	20	20	22	21	16	7*

(1) indicates wetland-dependant or wetland-associated species.

(2) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and BirdLife International listing (2010).

(3) refers to the mean number of individuals recorded in each survey in the WRA

(4) Black-faced Spoonbill is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List.

* Includes one species pair, Swinhoe’s/Pintail Snipe, not distinguishable in the field. Swinhoe’s Snipe is listed as Local Concern in Fellowes et al. (2002)

Appendix C. Summary of herpetofauna monitoring, mammals and insects surveys

Table C1. Summary of herpetofauna monitoring within the Survey Area

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Mean^(2)
Amphibian			Nov	Mar	Apr
Asian Common Toad	Bufo melanostictus	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
Paddy Frog	Fejervarya limnocharis	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
Günther's Frog	Rana guentheri	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
No. of Species Recorded			0	0	3
Reptile			Nov	Mar	Apr
Bowring’s Gecko	Hemidactylus bowringii	-	0.0	0.0	2.0
No. of Species Recorded			0	0	1

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Chan et al. (2005) and Karsen et al. (1998).

(2) refers to the number of individuals recorded in each month in the survey area (excluding the WRA)

Table C2. Summary of herpetofauna monitoring conducted in the WRA

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Mean^(2)
Amphibian			Nov	Mar	Apr
Günther's Frog	Rana guentheri	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
No. of Species Recorded			0	0	1
Reptile			Nov	Mar	Apr
(No record)

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Chan et al. (2005) and Karsen et al. (1998).

(2) refers to the number of individuals recorded in each month in the WRA

Table C3. Summary of mammal monitoring within the Study Area

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Max^(2)
			Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr
Rat sp.	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			0	0	0	0	1	0

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and Shek (2006).

(2) Refers to the maximum number of individuals recorded in each month in the survey area (excluding WRA).

Table C4. Summary of mammal monitoring conducted in the WRA

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Max^(2)
			Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr
Shrew sp.	-	Uncommon	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			0	0	0	0	1	0

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002) and Shek (2006).

(2) Refers to the maximum number of individuals recorded in each month in the WRA.

Table C5. Summary of dragonfly and butterfly monitoring within the Survey Area

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Mean^(2)
Odonate			Nov	Mar	Apr
Asian Amberwing	Brachythemis contaminata	-	0.0	0.0	1.0
Common Bluetail	Aschnura senegalensis	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Crimson Darter	Crocothemis servilia	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	-	4.0	0.0	1.0
Lesser Blue Skimmer	Orthetrum triangulare	-	0.0	0.0	1.0
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	-	6.0	0.0	0.5
Saddlebag Glider	Tramea virginia	-	3.0	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			5	0	4
Butterfly			Nov	Mar	Apr
Unidentified Swift	Pelopidas sp.	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Common Mormon	Papilio polytes	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
Red-base Jezebel	Delias pasithoe	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Indian Cabbage White	Pieris canidia	-	17.0	0.0	10.0
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	-	6.0	0.0	0.0
Unidentified Cerulean	Jamides sp.	-	2.0	0.0	0.0
Pale Grass Blue	Zizeeria maha	-	7.0	0.0	0.0
Common Tiger	Danaus genutia	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Blue-spotted Crow	Euploea midamus		1.0	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			8	0	2

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Lo & Hui (2004), Wilson (2004) and Young & Yiu (2002).

(2) refers to the mean number of individuals recorded in each month in the survey area (excluding the WRA)

Table C6. Summary of dragonfly and butterfly monitoring conducted in the WRA

Common Name	Scientific Name	Conservation Status^(1)	Mean^(2)
Odonate			Nov	Mar	Apr
Common Bluetail	Ischnura senegalensis	-	8.0	100.0	591.0
Pale-spotted Emperor	Anax guttatus	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Lesser Emperor	Anax parthenope	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Regal Pond Cruiser	Epopthalmia elegans	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
Crimson Darter	Crocothemis servilia	-	3.0	0.0	0.5
Blue Percher	Diplacodes trivialis	-	2.0	0.0	0.0
Common Red Skimmer	Orthetrum pruinosum	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Green Skimmer	Orthetrum sabina	-	30.0	0.0	5.0
Wandering Glider	Pantala flavescens	-	25.0	0.0	0.5
No. of Species Recorded			8	1	5
Butterfly			Nov	Mar	Apr
Common Straight Swift	Parnara guttatus	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Common Bluebottle	Graphium sarpedon	-	0.0	0.0	0.5
Lemon Emigrant	Catopsilia pomona	-	1.0	0.0	0.0
Common Grass Yellow	Eurema hecabe	-	4.0	0.0	0.0
Blue-spotted Crow	Euploea midamus	-	2.0	0.0	0.0
No. of Species Recorded			4	0	1

(1) Conservation status follows that of Fellowes et al. (2002), Lo & Hui (2004), Wilson (2004) and Young & Yiu (2002).

(2) refers to the mean number of individuals recorded in each month in the WRA

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[1] Includes one species pair, Swinhoe’s/Pintail Snipe, not distinguishable in the field.